In the cloud management scenario, access users are mainly authenticated in portal mode. As the authentication server is deployed on the cloud, a NAT device may be deployed between the FW and server. Ordinary portal authentication uses the portal protocol, and the authentication packets cannot traverse the NAT device. In this case, you can use the HACA protocol for authentication.
In the agile cloud solution, the FW uses the HACA protocol for user authentication, as shown in the following figure.

The HACA server is integrated on the cloud management platform.