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CLI: Using the Blacklist/Whitelist to Control Website Access

This section provides an example for configuring blacklist/whitelist-based URL filtering to permit or deny the access to specific websites.

Networking Requirements

As shown in Figure 1, the FW is deployed at the network border as the enterprise's gateway to implement URL filtering on HTTP requests sent by users to access the Internet.

The enterprise has R&D and marketing employees. The specific networking requirements are as follows:

  • The R&D employees are whitelisted and can access only work-related URLs (www.example.com/working) and hosts (www.example.com) from 09:00 to 17:00 every day.
  • The marketing employees are blacklisted and can access all URLs excluding specific URLs (www.example.net/*) from 09:00 to 17:00 every day.
Figure 1 Using the blacklist/whitelist to control website access

Configuration Roadmap

  1. Set interface IP addresses and assign the interfaces to security zones.
  2. For R&D employees, create a URL filtering profile named profile_url_research, add whitelisted URLs (www.example.com/working) and hosts (www.example.org), and set the action to block for all predefined categories and the default action to block (if the remote query service is unavailable, the FW will take the default action to control the access to the non-whitelisted URLs).
  3. For marketing employees, create a URL filtering profile named profile_url_marketing, add blacklisted URLs (www.example.net/*), and set the action to allow for all predefined categories and the default action to allow (if the remote query service is unavailable, the FW will take the default action to control the access to the non-blacklisted URLs).
  4. Configure two security policies and reference user groups and URL filtering profiles to control the URL access from different user groups.

Procedure

  1. Set the IP address and security zone of the interface.
    1. Set an IP address for interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 and assign the interface to the untrust zone. 

      <FW> system-view
[FW] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
[FW] firewall zone untrust
[FW-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[FW-zone-untrust] quit

    2. Set an IP address for interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 and add the interface to the trust zone. 

      [FW] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit
[FW] firewall zone trust
[FW-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[FW-zone-trust] quit

  2. Configure URL filtering profiles.
    1. Configure a URL filtering profile for the R&D department. 

      [FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_research
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] description URL filter profile of web access control for research.
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] default action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category user-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] add whitelist url www.example.com/working
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] add whitelist host www.example.org
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] quit

    2. Configure a URL filtering profile for the marketing department. 

      [FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category user-defined action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] add blacklist url  www.example.net/*
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] quit

  3. Configure schedules. 

    [FW] time-range time_range
[FW-time-range-time_range] period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily
[FW-time-range-time_range] quit

  4. Reference URL filtering profiles in security policies.

    In this example, user groups research (R&D personnel) and marketing (marketing personnel) to be referenced have been created.

    1. Configure a security policy for the R&D department. 

      [FW] security-policy
[FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] description Security policy of web access protect for research.
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] user user-group /default/research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] time-range time_range
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] profile url-filter profile_url_research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] quit

    2. Configure a security policy for the marketing department. 

      [FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] user user-group /default/marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] time-range time_range
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] profile url-filter profile_url_marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] quit
[FW-policy-security] quit

  5. Commit the content security profiles. 

    [FW] engine configuration commit
Info: The operation may last for several minutes, please wait.
Info: URL submitted configurations successfully.
Info: Finish committing engine compiling.

Verification

  • R&D employees can access only www.example.com/working-related URLs and www.example.org-related hosts from 09:00 to 17:00 every day. Accessible URLs:
    • www.example.com/working/index.htm
    • www.example.com/working/todo
    • www.example.org
    • www.example.org/network

    By viewing the URL log URL/4/FILTER, you can see that the access requests from R&D department employees to other websites matched the URL filtering policy whose filtering type is Pre-defined and action is Block.

  • Marketing employees can access only all websites, excluding www.example.net/* from 09:00 to 17:00. Inaccessible URLs:
    • www.example.net
    • www.example.net/index.html
    • www.example.net/game

    By viewing the URL log URL/4/FILTER, you can see that the access requests from marketing department employees to websites related to www.example.net/* matched the URL filtering policy whose filtering type is Blacklist and action is Block.

Configuration Scripts

#                                                                               
sysname FW      
#                                                                               
 time-range time_range                                                          
  period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily                                       
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
firewall zone trust                                                             
 set priority 85                                                                
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
#                                                                               
firewall zone untrust                                                           
 set priority 5                                                                 
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
profile type url-filter name profile_url_research                               
 description URL filter profile of web access control for research.             
 add whitelist url www.example.com/working                                      
 add whitelist host www.example.org                                             
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 default action block
profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing                              
 description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.            
 add blacklist url www.example.net/*                                            
#                                                                               
security-policy                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_research                                                  
  description Security policy of web access protect for research.               
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  user user-group /default/research                                             
  time-range time_range                                                         
  profile url-filter profile_url_research                                       
  action permit                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_marketing                                                 
  description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.              
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  user user-group /default/marketing                                            
  time-range time_range                                                         
  profile url-filter profile_url_marketing                                      
  action permit
Parent Topic: Content Security
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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