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CLI: Example for Using URL Categories and Blacklist/Whitelist to Control Website Access

The URL categories and blacklist/whitelist can be used together to control the access to a certain type of websites and implement more refined access control on a fixed website.

Networking Requirements

As shown in Figure 1, the FW is deployed at the network border as the enterprise's gateway to implement URL filtering on HTTP requests.

Employees can access only Education/Science, Search Engines/Portals and Social Network websites. In addition, the enterprise wants to further control the access to the following websites:

  • Allow employees to access internal forum websites: www.example3.com and www.example4.com.
  • Prohibit employees from accessing www.example2.com in the Education/Science category and www.example1.com in the Social Network category.
Figure 1 Using URL categories and blacklist/whitelist to control website access

Configuration Roadmap

  1. Set the IP address and security zone of the interface.
  2. Create the URL filtering profile url_profile_01, add www.example1.com and www.example2.com to the blacklist, and add www.example3.com and www.example4.com to the whitelist. Use predefined URL categories and set the control actions of Education/Science, Search Engines/Portals and Social Network websites to Allow, set the action for other websites to Block.
  3. Configure a security policy and reference the URL filtering profile url_profile_01 to implement URL access control.

Procedure

  1. Set the IP address and security zone of the interface.
    1. Set an IP address for interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 and assign the interface to the untrust zone. 

      <FW> system-view
[FW] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
[FW] firewall zone untrust
[FW-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[FW-zone-untrust] quit

    2. Set an IP address for interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 and add the interface to the trust zone. 

      [FW] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit
[FW] firewall zone trust
[FW-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[FW-zone-trust] quit

  2. Configure URL filtering profiles.

    You can run the display url-filter category pre-defined command to query the mappings between the following predefined categories and IDs:
    • 17: Education/Science
    • 15: Search Engines/Portals
    • 7: Social Network
    [FW] profile type url-filter name url_profile_01
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] add blacklist url www.example1.com
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] add blacklist url www.example2.com
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] add whitelist url www.example3.com
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] add whitelist url www.example4.com
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] category pre-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] category pre-defined category-id 15 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] category pre-defined category-id 17 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] category pre-defined category-id 7 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-url_profile_01] quit

    If you want to deny URLs outside the whitelist, you can set the default action to deny so that the FW uses the default action when the remote query service is unavailable. In this manner, URLs outside the whitelist can be denied.

    If you want to permit URLs outside the blacklist, you can set the default action to permit so that the FW uses the default action when the remote query service is unavailable. In this manner, URLs outside the blacklist can be permitted.

  3. Reference URL filtering profiles in security policies. 

    [FW] security-policy
[FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_01
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] profile url-filter url_profile_01
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_01] quit
[FW-policy-security] quit

  4. Commit the content security profiles. 

    [FW] engine configuration commit
Info: The operation may last for several minutes, please wait.
Info: URL submitted configurations successfully.
Info: Finish committing engine compiling.

Verification

  • Employees can access only Education/Science, Search Engines/Portals, and Social Network websites.

    By viewing the URL log URL/4/FILTER, you can see that the access requests from employees to other websites matched the URL filtering policy whose filtering type is Pre-defined and action is Block.

  • Enterprise employees can access www.example3.com and www.example4.com, but cannot access www.example1.com or www.example2.com.

    By viewing the URL log (URL/4/FILTER), you can see that the filtering type of the log generated when the FW permitted or blocked employees' access requests is Whitelist or Blacklist, respectively.

Configuration Scripts

#                                                                               
sysname FW      
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
firewall zone trust                                                             
 set priority 85                                                                
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
#                                                                               
firewall zone untrust                                                           
 set priority 5                                                                 
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
profile type url-filter name url_profile_01
 add blacklist url www.example1.com
 add blacklist url www.example2.com
 add whitelist url www.example3.com
 add whitelist url www.example4.com
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 101 action block
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#                                                                               
security-policy                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_01                                                  
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  profile url-filter url_profile_01                                       
  action permit
Parent Topic: Content Security
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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